Feelings towards Essay

All throughout this scene there are various indications about the rising tension caused by Eddie’s feelings towards his niece – Catherine. It begins when Eddie confronts Rodolfo about taking advantage of Beatrice and not treating Eddie with respect. ‘I know, but in your own town you wouldn’t just drag off some girl, without permission’. Here he is highlighting the lack of respect he feels that Rodolfo treats him with. He is referring to Beatrice as ‘some girl’, which shows that in Eddie’s eyes Rodolfo does not see Beatrice as anything special or important. Beatrice (Eddies wife) suspects that Eddie’s feelings towards Catherine are un-natural and contributes throughout this scene to the rise in tension. ‘Well he didn’t exactly drag her off though, Eddie’. This would annoy Eddie, as he is not receiving any support, she is also saying that Catherine is independent and chose to go with Rodolfo which would raise tension further. When Eddie tells Rodolfo that he is simply her uncle, Beatrice pounces on this and retorts â€Å"Well then, be an uncle then†. The others would take this at face value, however Beatrice is referring to Eddie’s un-natural affection for Catherine, which will shock Eddie. Marco then issues a challenge to Eddie, asking him to say what Rodolfo has done wrong. Eddie says that Catherine was never out on the street till twelve o’clock at night before Rodolfo came. Marco instantly tells Rodolfo that he must come home early now. By saying this Marco has eliminated the supposed problem, which leaves Eddie with no problem in which he can camouflage his jealousy. Now that Eddie has no more problems but has a dented ego. He begins to create new problems, however he disguises them so that these problems are perceived as concern for Rodolfo; ‘I mean suppose he gets hit by a car, where’s his papers, who is he, you know what I mean? ‘ Beatrice states that the same risk is generated during the day when he is at work. Here we see that Eddie is ‘holding back a voice full of anger’ almost like a car revving up. This simple action is showing the rise in tension as a result of Eddie’s problem. Eddie now retreats to his rocking chair, showing that he is fighting a losing battle. As Eddie is reading his paper, awkwardness is felt in the room. Catherine reacts by putting the record ‘Paper Doll’ on; the title in itself indicates the song content. Then Catherine is overcome with rebellion/revolt and asks Rodolfo to dance, causing Eddie to freeze and feel uncomfortable. Rodolfo realises this and refuses to dance however Beatrice and Catherine soon persuade him. As Eddie burns a hole through Rodolfo’s back he asks, â€Å"What’s this, a new record? † Eddie has heard this song many times before, however he is no hearing it through new ears, new jealous ears. When Marco reveals that Rodolfo is a very good cook, Eddie finds this amusing and mockingly says, â€Å"It’s wonderful. He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses. † Thus making another dig at Rodolfo, implying that he has homosexual tendencies. Rodolfo mistakenly takes this as a compliment and smiles thankfully. This is another opportunity for Eddie to put Rodolfo down and he says that he should not be working on the boats but instead working in a dress shop. Yet again he phrases it so that it may be perceived as a compliment. During this speech he unconsciously twists his newspaper into a tight roll, which gives an insight into his somewhat angered/resentful thoughts and also symbolises the rise in tension.

Extent and Causes of Unemployment and Inactivity in the UK Today Essay

An economy population can be divided into two groups, the economically active and those economically inactive. The Economically Active is referred to the part of a countries’ population that is willing and able to work. This includes those that are unemployed and those that are currently and actively engaged in a particular job. The rate of unemployment is defined as the percentage of the unemployed that are unemployed and actively seeking for one. In this essay, I am going to discuss the extent of unemployment in the UK today. I am going to critically address the extent of unemployment by comparing geographical regions, sex, race, age groups and educational achievement. Then in order to conclude the extent of unemployment, I will argue about the true level of unemployment questioning both the weaknesses LSF and Claimant Count in measuring these challenges. The second section of this essay, I will state the 3 causes of unemployment in the UK and 3 reasons for inactivity. Then I shall evaluate the credible of the Coalition’s The Work Programme. Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for work but unable to find one. In the UK today the current rate of unemployment is 8. 3% according to the Office of National Statistics (ONS). It shows that there is a 17years high unemployment in the UK. The ‘UK unemployment rose by 129,000 in the three months to September to 2. 62 million’ also ‘youth unemployment is now at 1. 02 million’. There are four main types of unemployment. There are two different measure of unemployment in the UK today. They are the Claimant Count and International Labour Organisation (ILO) LFS survey. The Claimant count is UK’s most timely measure. It measures the amount of people who are claiming benefit but are actively seeking employment. It does not take into consideration of those on disability benefit neither does it take account of people who do not claim the allowance. ILO makes use of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) to measures everyone without a job and has looked for work in the past four weeks and willing to start work in the next two weeks. ‘Unemployed persons include those who did not work at all during the survey week, and who were looking for work’. The faults in these two measures bring up the question of the extent and the true level of unemployment in the UK today. The Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) is means-tested and it depends on household income, this means husband or wife who have partner earning above a certain income are not included. It also does include people under the age of 18, therefore excluding 16 and 17 years olds who left education at post-16, this part of the economy should not be ignored by the JSA because these groups of individuals usually have low-levels of human capital there for potentially high unemployment rate amongst these groups. High youth unemployment shows underlying structural problems in the UK today. Therefore the JSA does not represent the true level of unemployment because there are people seeking work and are not included in JSA or/and counted as unemployed. The official measure also has its own faults. The LFS survey is a monthly questionnaire of 60,000 people. They are asked if they have been searching for work and would be able to take up work in the next two weeks. This measure usually gives a higher figure than the claimant count. Although the questions asked sticks to the UK’s definition of unemployment there are also problems with the measure. The survey has potential for error in sampling data in sampling 60,000 people and even most importantly people might not actually say the truth about their situation. Apart from the faults in the measures of unemployment, another issue is that there is a possibility that those classed as unemployed might actual be working. There will be a population of the economic inactive that receives unemployment benefit but still work in the black economy. According to the ONS, an individual is defined as Economical Inactive when they are ‘not in work and do not meet the internationally agreed definition of unemployment’. They are people without jobs who have not actively sought work in the last four weeks and/or are not available to start work in the next two weeks†. Inactivity in the UK accounts for 21. 3% of the working age-adults. The economically inactive include students, the sick and disabled retirees, homemakers and people who have not searched for jobs in the last 4 weeks – the main issue in the UK are these groups who are voluntary unemployment. ONS There are different viewpoints that will be addressed in evaluating the extent of unemployment amongst gender, geographical regions, race, age and educational attainment. ONS statistics show that the extent of unemployment amongst region varies in the UK. Over the period of July to September, this year, the highest unemployment rate was North East with 11. 6% of the population unemployed. It is followed by Yorkshire and Humber with 10. 6% of their economically active population. Over the same time period the south-east had the least rate of 6. 3 per cent. In the case of gender, In April 2011 female unemployment went up by 64,000, while male unemployment went down by 69,000’. Despite this statistics, the unemployment rate for men has risen faster than that of women while the economic upturns of males have dropped faster than that of females. Unemployment amongst Pakistani/Bangladeshi groups is the highest amongst people of different races with unemployment rate. The lowest are the whites British. Unemployment amongst people in further education is that they are more likely to be unemployment than university graduates over non-graduates. There has been a recent media attention to unemployment amongst 16-24 year old which has recently hit a record high with 20. 6% of that population without jobs. Another age group that is highly affect are the over 50’s, according to AgeUK, this age group is currently suffering from a 10 year high which most likely will be those in in long term unemployment. I feel the government must lay down a good foundation for a better job market for older people before forcing them to work longer. One of the Coalition government strategies to tackle this is The Work Programme which I am going to evaluate its effectiveness and credibility later in this essay. There are many causes of unemployment for example, recession, lack of skills, and lack of information, over-regulating, decline in industries, willingness to work and discriminating factors. Cause of Inactivity on the other hand is disability and leniency of the welfare system toward the voluntary capable economically inactive. Recession is a downturn in the economy of a country. It’s a drastic fall in countries GDP. One of the causes of unemployment In the UK today is the recent recession according to the BBC; the recent recession had a deep impact on jobs. According to the CIPD, the recession caused a loss of 1. 3 million jobs. The reason why unemployment rises is because during a recession, output and demand falls, firms cost optimise by cutting down on unnecessary expenditure or they resource optimise by reduce unnecessary workforce. The effect of resource optimisation leads to a rise in unemployment as there are less job positions in the economy. When unemployment increases, this can worsen the recession since there will be lower aggregate demand and lower growth rates in the economy. Although one can argue that the UK economy has survived the recession we are still being affected by loss of jobs that the 2008 recession caused. Generally, I think the economic decline is one of the main causes of unemployment today. Another cause of unemployment is the lack of demand for workers. The demand for worker is derived from the demand for goods and services therefore the bigger issue might be people not spending. This is a big issue because of the lack of jobs that people want. The government is trying to get the inactive active and the unemployed employed but the question is that are there any jobs for these people after they have been trained? One could argue that it is because businesses are not creating jobs there they are very few jobs that people might want to do in the economy. The leniency of the benefit system in the UK is the main cause of inactivity. People know that with jobs they can depend on the welfare state. The government aim to get people out of poverty can also affect the economy because of the unemployment trap. This is a situation whereby unemployment benefit acts as a deterrent or causes lack of motivation for an unemployed or an inactive individual in the labour to take up jobs or advantage his skills or perhaps in the case of an inactive individual gain necessary skills to enter the job market. Another cause of inactivity is disability in the UK. People claiming disability and sick benefit, these groups of people are also class. Another cause of inactivity is people retiring (65% men and 62% women). Apart from this, men are more likely than females to be classed as sick or disabled but women are more likely than men to be looking after the home and family. Statistics show that 26% of UK economically inactive people would like to work. Another main cause is the lack of education and training, especially currently in the UK, the government scrapping schemes like Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA), this will act as a disincentive for people wanting to entering education. With issues such as this, young people will be affected because the lack of post-16 education will mean they are more likely to end up in a dead-end job. There are special skills needed for certain type of jobs. To become a doctor, one has to go through years of education to be full qualified. The years of education and training are their specialist skills are gained. Statistics show that the opt-in rates of people entering into higher education will reduce because of the lack of EMA which might affect these people that refuse to participate in education in the future. ‘The Work Programme is a major new payment-for-results welfare-to-work programme†¦ Along with the Universal Credit benefit reforms, it is central to the Coalition Government’s ambitious programme of welfare reform. The simple aim of the programme is to cut down the United Kingdom long-term unemployment. The strategy the coalitional government is to pay private firms to make the process easier. The government believes it will be cheaper in the long run to pay these private firms rather than pay for benefits. According to the programme, an estimated 605, 000 people will go through the programme. In 2011/2012 in the year 2012/13 it aims at 565,000. Providers include companies like Working Links, Triage A4E, Serco and many more. The government has awarded a least two providers in every region. These private firms the government outsources the job is referred to as providers. Providers are paid totally on results. The idea is to create for the workers a sustainable job outcome for those participating. The longer an individual stays in work the more the providers get paid, therefore creating an incentive for these firms to provide continuous support for participant. One could argue that the scheme helps tackle the challenges of unemployment because there are special skills needed for certain type of jobs. The problem with The Work Programme is that it could be used to generate cheap labour for dead-end jobs. Because it will be based on payment by results, the providers will do their best to make sure they are correct and therefore get their fee. Another problem with the scheme is that it doesn’t have much difference from other schemes. I think it will strengthen the competition for ‘job ready’ participant and these are people who are likely to have got the jobs anyways. The difference is that the provider will be able to claim a larger fee compared to previous schemes. There are few other problems with this reform, this reform is largely untested and it is not big enough of a scale to make a serious dent in the problem. The worry is that providers will end up picking individuals who are more likely to get jobs and therefore ignore the unemployment ‘black spots’. Another issue with it is that there is an assumption that unemployed are bunch of people that ready to work. The vast majority of unemployed are involuntary, many have the wrong skills and in the wrong geographical location. Also some of these people are ill health to be at work. According to the study done by the London School of Economics it showed that the providers will miss the set targets by 90%. I think the introduction of ruthless competition could also lead to companies going after the same jobs and therefore not benefitting people that it was for in the first place. It could end up being a revenue or sales maximisation aims rather than actual target people like the long term unemployed who are further down the unemployment scale. For The Work Programme to really succeed, I think these organisations need to make sure they take on people that have been in long term unemployment: people that have grown comfortable with life on benefits. The government also needs to start creating jobs. One can question the fact the scheme will succeed when there isn’t actual jobs for these people in the first place or at least job that they want to do. With the average of six to every vacancy the government has got a lot to do. According to a new research by the Social Market Foundation (SMF), the paper is called, Will the Work Programme work? This paper scrutinises the viability of the Work Programme by predicting the performance of the firms providing the programme during its first three years of it being active. This forecast will be based on the welfare-to-work scheme called the Flexible New Deal. This is the predecessor to the Work Programme. According SMF analysis, it suggests that the providers will not meet their set minimum expectations in the first 2 years of the programme and even in the third year 22 out of the 24 FND providers would fail to meet the requirements for the scheme. The department has threatened to lapse the contract of providers who don’t meet the benchmark set. This further threatened the credibility of the scheme. According to the Chris Grayling, the Employment Minister states that dismiss this research as â€Å"flawed†. He claimed that it is possible to compare DWP to FND. His argument is centred around the fact that FND involves different groups of Jobseekers to DWP and therefore one should not compare both schemes. One can argue that the Flexible New Deal is more effective because its analysis is carefully based on comparable groups of long term unemployment which is the target group helped by the DWP. Although these groups of job seeker are easily comparable, the different between the schemes remain. Even on the optimistic assumption, it concludes these DWP performances are not realistic for most providers. The Work and Pension committee of the House of Commons recently demand clarity over the Work programme have come up with these challenging target and many of the providers have expressed their doubts the unrealistic targets of the scheme. Also in the recent economic climate, claimant count has increased by a significant value since the bid of the Work Programme were invited and I think don’t think the future is precarious or do not agree on its being a credible solution. I also think to find a credible solution to tackling unemployment. DWP has to revise its minimum performance expectations and perhaps introduce a more credible incentive for its providers. It could also establish greater transparency about how to derive its estimates of minimum performance and also make clear how this might vary if economic condition deteriorates this will therefore create greater accountability and certainty. When this is done, I think The Work Programme will then be a credible solution to tackling unemployment.

Japanese Canadians During Wwii Essay

Japanese people were blamed for everything from a bad crop to a flat tire† (Biase). Japanese Canadians claimed they were given many dirty and hateful looks, and overheard â€Å"people cursing at Japanese for their car troubles† (Biase). The Japanese Canadians were being punished for a crime they did not commit. Canada’s only defence for its actions was that, â€Å"Japanese people were not white and they ‘could’ be spies† (Biase). This meant people were suspicious and literally afraid of Japanese for being spies sent from Japan. As a result, Japanese Canadians had to deal with being blamed for things they did not deserve, thus resulting in being treated unjustly as a human being. This notice was distributed throughout British Columbia. If any Japanese were found in the prohibited areas listed, they would be incarcerated. Thirdly, the Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps across Canada against their will. In Canada, there were 10 internment camps where, â€Å"3 were road camps, 2 were prisoner of war camps (POW) and 5 were self-supporting camps† (Robinson). Internment camps is a â€Å"large detention  center created for political opponents,  enemy aliens, people with  mental illness, members of specific ethnic or religious groups, civilian inhabitants of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, usually during a war† (Dictionary). In this case, internment camps in Canada at the time were designed for only Japanese Canadians. Internment camps were labour/work camps, which required heavy-duty work for the 22,000 imprisoned Japanese Canadians to do. Since World War II caused a large shortage of farmers, especially sugar beet farmers, the Security Commission Council organized, â€Å"Sugar beet projects to combat the labour shortage. This gave Japanese males a choice. The choice was to work in road camps as slaves or go to the beet camps and be with their families. Working in the beet camp was the choice taken by the majority of Japanese married men† (Biase). Considering the Japanese Canadians had to live inside the camps, the living conditions inside the internment camps were poor. They were crowded and were primitive with no electricity or running water. A story from Hideo Kukubo tells what life was like during the war: â€Å"I was in that camp for four years. When it got cold the temperature went down to as much as 60 below. The buildings stood on flat land beside a lake. We lived in huts with no insulation. Even if we had the stove burning the inside of the windows would all be frosted up and white, really white. I had to lie in bed with everything on that I had†¦ at one time there were 720 people there, all men, and a lot of them were old men. † This is just one of the many horrible stories the Japanese Canadians experienced. Therefore, the Japanese Canadians were treated unfairly when they were forced to work and live in internment camps. In conclusion, the Japanese Canadians suffered during the period 1929 to 1945. They had their property and rights taken from them, they were blamed for unnecessary things and forced into camps where labour was the only thing you did all day. Therefore, when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced a historic redress settlement for the Japanese Canadians on September 22, 1988, it truly was the best thing to do, even though it was long overdue.

Is Whistle Blowing Ethical or not Research Paper

Is Whistle Blowing Ethical or not - Research Paper Example The morality comes into question when there is a conflict between the individual’s duty to staying loyal to the firm and the freedom to speak out against what is wrong. The dilemma is severe because of the fact that individuals/employees are legally and morally bound to show their loyalty to their employers as well as ascertain the fact that one does not, directly or indirectly, get involved in any wrongdoing (Beauchamp and Bowie). It has become a common practice to link whistle blowing to loyalty with ones employer, such that several literature surrounds topics such as â€Å"whistle blowing versus organizational loyalty† or â€Å"whistle blowing and loyalty† (Lindblom). In his book, Robert Duska offers an interesting insight- that loyalty to the firm is an impossible event. According to Duska, employees have a contractual obligation to perform their duties responsibly in return for the compensation that they get (Larmer). However, according to him, the concept o f personal responsibility to the company is void and that no loyalty issues should arise when discussing the notion of whistle blowing. According to him, one must engage in whistle blowing only for the collective good of the society (Larmer). The conflict of whistle blowing with loyalty is more intricate than suggested. ... Hence, in this context, loyalty would mean that the individual must show concern towards the potential harm and loss of reputation, goodwill, sales etc. that the organization would suffer as a result of him/her blowing the whistle. However, there is another view by Ronald Duska, which states that organizations should not be recipients of loyalty simply because only â€Å"humans† can be objects of loyalty and not the organization as an entity in itself (Lindblom). Also, according to Bok, whistle blowing almost always pertains to the personal level since it involves unveiling the wrongdoings of someone else. The whistle blower may face tremendous moral and ethical conflict when it comes to the same because of several reasons. One of the reasons is the uncertainty whether or not the act is going to result in the general welfare of the public. Furthermore, the whistle blower is faced with moral dilemma when he/she has to weigh his/her moral responsibility to protect the interests of his co-workers versus his/her responsibility to protect the interests of the public. In any case, the latter is considered more important. A final reason for the dilemma, according to Bok, is the potential threat of loss of job, social circle, reputation, or even violence that could result from blowing the whistle. On the contrary, however, whistle blowers often receive strong support and appreciation from the society since they perform a vital job. The job is indispensable because, if it weren’t for the whistle blower the truth of the moment would lay hidden from the public forever and would result in injustice. Furthermore, Bok has emphasized three main elements that lead to whistle blowing becoming a problem. First

Experienceing MIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experienceing MIS - Assignment Example Queries would be required in order to build the required reports as well as to extract any other one time information required by Samantha from the database. Finally, Samantha would require the implementation of an application program so as to make the database connectivity simpler and more user friendly. The application that Samantha requires would be for one user, which is Samantha in this particular instance. Two scenarios are likely, Samantha could either be performing the jobs herself or through hired hands. In both cases, information regarding the customer and the job would have to be entered and monitored in a database by a single individual managing the company, which is Samantha. Since most database functions performed by Samantha would be simple, a single user personal database management system (DBMS) would be a good choice (Kroenke, Bunker, & Wilson, 2013). In terms of the particular personal DBMS, Samantha could easily implement MySQL. This would offer a reasonable personal DBMS choice since MySQL is an open license product and provides relatively simple

Critical dairy entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical dairy entry - Essay Example From the initial scenario that was presented in the noted lecture, one was so engrossed on the potentials for applying psychology in promoting children’s and young people’s inclusion into social circles. Theoretical Framework Spurring Interest In the course of pursuing one’s academic program, an article written by Fallon, Woods and Rooney (2010) entitled â€Å"A discussion of the developing role of educational psychologists within Children’s Services† provided the impetus for spurring enthusiasm in this endeavor. The authors initially presented a brief historical background on the origin of the role of educational psychologists (EPs) in the public educational system in the United Kingdom. Likewise, various other researches on the role of EP as it evolved were mentioned; in conjunction with reportedly increased core functions and work contexts (Fallon, et al., 2010, p. 4). In addition, with increasing news and events that focus on disturbing violence and abuse afflicted on children (either directly or indirectly), there is a paramount concern for EPs to intensify applying psychological frameworks to immediately identify the need for intervention and to prevent serious repercussions that could lead to injuries or even death. Other readings that provided greater interest and understanding on the subject included the following: (1) Robinson & Dunsmuir’s (2010) â€Å"Multi-professional assessment and intervention of children with Special Educational Needs in their early years: The contribution of educational psychology† which was published in the Educational and Child Psychology focused on delving into ways in which EP’s â€Å"participation in multi-agency teams in Children’s Centres presents opportunities to extend involvement with young children and contribute to high quality assessment and intervention† (Robinson & Dunsmuir, 2010, p. 11); (2) Byrnes’ (2012) study which was published in t he Educational and Child Psychology, and entitled â€Å"Educational psychologists in the community: Supporting parents of children with Down syndrome through times of transition† presented concerns in â€Å"six subtasks, all of which had a focus on engaging with parents at times of transition: transition from education, transition between schools, development of a database, early years groups, youth groups, and parent forums† (Brynes, 2012, p. 82); and (3) Hobbs, et al. (2012) article entitled â€Å"The professional practice of educational psychologists: Developing narrative approaches† also published in the Educational & Child Psychology and presented pertinent issues relative to providing a â€Å"a brief overview of narrative therapy and then sets out to illustrate how narrative approaches have been applied by Darlington Educational Psychology Service (DEPS) using examples of work with individuals, groups and systems† (Hobbs, et al., 2012, p. 42). Throu gh the concepts, applications, cases, and scenarios learned from these studies, in conjunction with the theoretical framework appreciated in Cline and Frederickson’s (2009) Special Education Needs, Inclusion and Divesity, the subject enabled one to gain an in-depth understanding on the relevance of EP in addressing distinct and special needs of diverse children in varied scenarios and challenging cases. Issues Raised in the Lecture There were immensely relevant issues raised in the lecture categorized as follows: (1) multiple roles for applied psychologists; such as consultants, assessors, advisers,

California Challenges and Future Industry Paper Research

California Challenges and Future Industry - Research Paper Example According to the economic status of California, it has power besides global link that can help to end the challenges it faces despite that it lacks legal attributes and policy makers of a sovereign country to tackle the problems. This has been a key central issue faced by most Californians in recent years. For instance, California people have been experiencing power blackouts without notices besides having neither immediate nor lasting solutions. This power blackout has decimated the State’s budgetary surplus leading to great economic loss, as all major government industries are unable to escape such calamities. This has been bringing about great concerns despite the leaders showing no or less concern where they usually play blame games on each other hence ending up with no concrete solution over the menace. This electricity saga started when an opportunity availed itself for the state to consider restructuring its power system in making it more flexible and responsive to changing the economic conditions (Sweeney 2008). Following the implementation of this restructuring it was imperfect in some way that the state political leadership failed in the year 2000 to implement fully the effectiveness of tight electricity markets. Besides which in the year 2001 they mismanaged the issue making it a major crisis. Thereby this era burdened the state with a hard task of long-term obligation correlated with electricity. Because of this hard period caused by the states governor together with other state leaders the saga continues haunting the state up to date as they still try to recuperate from their past era (Sweeney 2008). The state of California has been experiencing water shortage problems since 19th century. This is because of the many changes caused by human activities over the years. For instance, the growing population in both Mexico and United States has inhabited some of the areas previously occupied by the

Violence In Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violence In Televison - Essay Example Moreover, children in society tend to emulate whatever they see on television as a means of living their life for example, with superhero movies there have been so many cases of children trying to imitate superhero powers and jumping off buildings in an attempt to fly. Violence refers to extreme aggression being executed by physical or mental force and occurs when a person gets very angry and is not able to control his anger and is depicted a great deal on television. Due to the same, it does have an impact on society and contributes to violence in society in many ways. (F, Seymour, and Robert D. Singer) 1: Therefore, the following questions is posed; does violence shown on television in the form of television shows, movies and even advertisement have an impact on the minds of both adults and children and subsequently contribute to violence in society? Television programs today have an array of subjects ranging from criminal activities to investigative shows where crimes being commit ted in neighbourhoods, among families and even on a global scale are depicted and appeal to viewers the most. (Henrey J Kaiser Foundation) From the point of view of the channel or the directors of the show, such shows are mostly in the form of thrillers and suspense which tend to arouse a great deal of interest in the minds of the audience and are thus good for increasing the ratings. However, these shows depict a great deal of violence, which is harmful for audience of all ages to watch. Moreover, the shows may also have explicit violent content which may scar the minds of people. The shows easily portray scheming, violent physical activity, criminal activities such as theft and murder and thrive on these subjects where the criminals are normal people living ‘normal’ lives by the day and committing such activities by night. This obviously has a very negative impact on the audience. These shows that display such explicit violent content tend to get ingrained in the mind s of the viewers as they begin to use the language as used in the show, however offensive it might be and tend to act in the same manner as the actors on the show in similar situations. (Anderson, Kerby) For example, if on the show a man becomes violent and aggressive in a petty issue like parking his car or talking to the traffic police, people watching the show tend to use the same angst while dealing with a similar daily situation because they feel that using aggression will get them what they want which may be equal to what treatment the actor got on the television show. (Huesmann, L.R, and J. Podolski) Moreover, if children tend to view these television series and shows the effect is even worse on them because they are at a stage in their lives where their minds are still growing and developing and they are gullible towards all kinds of situations. Many parents and older people do not think twice before letting their children sit with them and view television serials that might not be suitable for them. Violence being shown on television thus gets imprinted on their minds and this violence tends to come out in society when they deal with similar situations. 2: Are children affected worse by violence shown on television as compared to adults? Children, more than adults, are not able

Business Organisation and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisation and Policy - Essay Example Strategic management has commonly been portrayed as revolving around the discrete phases of formulation, implementation, and control, carried out in almost cascading steps (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel, 2008). These are three steps of the planned corporate approach to strategy involves a formal process to strategy formation: problem awareness, the development of solutions and the selection of a solution (Forbes and Fletcher, 2006). In the same context, Marlo (2006) denoted a planned corporate strategy comprising of a declaration of specific and expressed intentions, supported with formal controls. Jauch and Osborn (2006) commented with his realization that towards a successful outcome of the strategy, a firm structure is necessary for an organization. Hence all decisions made from the top management can be carried out throughout the organization, with the "people" convinced and act in ways that are expected to create desirable results ad hoc to the plan. Therefore, strategy-making authority rests with top management, committing a centralized power in an organization. In view of the forward looking nature of a planned corporate strategy, Mazzolini (2008) observed that goals or objective fulfillments are the critical outcome of the strategy. In a foresight, Snow and Hambrick (2007) notes that the planned co... Harrison and Philips (2006) found out that a planned corporate strategy is often billed as a future oriented activity, merely projecting the recent past into the future. Through this process, it carries out operational planning, project planning and strategic planning constantly, making sure that top management holds the influence and control for the undertaking in the future. The basic concept behind planned corporate strategy is just exactly what the name implies meaning that it is planned corporate therefore at best a guess/forecast which then is the basis for any type of decision making. Typically, organisations will "plan"/forecast variables that they foresee that will have an future impact on their business, so they anticipate certain events to occur in the future, and as a result of this anticipation they design and implement a strategy to effectively allocate the proper resources in place to either minimise or maximise respectively the negative or positive effects of the event. In essence, it allows an organization to "see the bigger picture" of the challenges and opportunities ahead of them. Any form of planned corporate strategy will contain some element of contingency planning, though not much, but these contingencies are not the focal point of planned corporate strategy. Opponents of this type of strategy believe that this strategy is at best a guess, which could be totally wrong. An example of such a strategy failing was the lack of business planners to adequately factor "terrorism issues" in their business planning, The business planners in the airline industry were hit the hardest during 9/11, as their planned corporate strategy had no contingency to

Curriculum Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curriculum Development - Assignment Example Philosophical theories in particular help in controlling the organization and content of the curriculum. Realism, for instance, asserts that the aim of education is primarily to teach values and things which will lead to the good life, which is, however â€Å"equated with one which is in tune with the overarching order of natural law† (Marshall, as cited in Golen, 1982). Realistic philosophy thus emphasizes learning through the direct study of nature via the aid of teachers. Thus, it has led to the continuous development of instructional methods that are suited to this kind of learning such as lecture, sensory experiments, and demonstrations, stressing the cultivation of logic and rational thoughts. Another theory is called pragmatism, which is founded on the principle that change is the principal characteristic of life. It has resulted to a curriculum that is learner-centered, wherein experiences are primordial in the educational process. Social Foundation. This foundation could be defined as influences that are present in society and culture. It is concerned with the impact of forces and institutions that comprise the school program’s culture. These are elements which create the greatest impact on the curriculum developer’s way of thinking as they always think and act within the society they live. In other words, the content, objectives, and methods of the devised curriculum shall reflect the social or cultural background of the developers (Print, 1993). Society and culture are the shapers of education since curriculum makers take into account the social setting, culture, the relationship between society and education, and the social implications of knowledge and change (Ritz, 2006). It must be noted that curriculum development is centered on attaining educational goals that are in harmony with broad cultural and societal goals.

Student achievement gap Essay Example for Free

Student achievement gap Essay Introduction A study achievement gap is considered to be the observed partiality and bias of educational measures between the working effectiveness of group of students (Lee, 2002). This group is described and identified on basis of gender, race, competency level and financial status. The race gap in educational accomplishment is an old issue. Several children are most likely to drop out of school. They are with or without school diplomas, cannot read or write or do simple math (Lee, 2002). The proof and data for the gap has been recorded which include drop out rates, number of students who have taken higher placement examination, top students and are admitted to higher-status secondary schools, colleges and other professional programs. This paper concentrates on the general question and then independently on the statistical gap in standardized test scores. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the differences between the two groups. Achievement Gap: Literature Review. In accordance to National Assessment of Educational Progress report, more than thirty percent of Asian-American students performed at proficient level whereas only ten percent of African-Americans did so in fourth grade reading exam. Disparities subsist in the student’s module-taking outline as well (Jansen Bruinsma, 2005). Researchers believe that disparities in achievement occur because of socioeconomic factors. In accordance to data of U. S Census Bureau, twenty seven percent of black children are living in poverty as compared to twelve percent of Asian-American children. Studies have also suggested that dropout rates are higher for children who do not have any access to proper housing and finance facilities and benefits. Another study indicates the boundaries and restrictions of economic and social mobility in African Americans and argues that their drop out rate is higher in schools in New York City. However, Asian Americans make up large portion of all the city’s elite magnet schools because they have good family background (Jansen Bruinsma, 2005). Case Study The case study selected to analyze the academic achievement gap study conducted in Cherry Creek School District in Colorado at high school level. The findings indicated that Asian American students performed at better levels than black students. The case study of Cherry Creek School District School lays out the causes for achievement gap. According to the research, they can be classified in to two main groups. They are the factors which are associated with financial status, societal ambience in which they live and their family background. The other factors are associated to student’s schools. Financial status is the main reason which shows low student achievement. Research shows has compared the living conditions of African Americans and Asian Americans and have reached to the conclusion that black students are living in poor conditions and they lack facilities. It also demonstrated that African Americans come from unstable family background which hinders in their learning process (Lee, 2002). Asian-Americans live in better conditions and come from stable family structure which allows them to perform better at school as compared to African-Americans. Achievement gap studied at Cherry Creek School District in math indicates that the gap exists because of lack of parent involvement. Educators have shown that parental involvement and cultural values play an essential role in school achievement among children of Asian Americans. Other factors which influence achievement gap are cultural attitudes and racism. A total of 72 blacks and 72 Asian Americans were interviewed. The number of low achieving students was higher in blacks as compared to Asian Americans. In the same school, Facts and figures collected suggested that about sixty percent of whites, Asians and blacks were high school students who were registered in an Algebra 1 course. However, the pattern changed for higher level math courses (Lee, 2002). Records indicated that sixty percent of Asian-Americans took Algebra 2 whereas only fifty five percent of black students were enrolled in it. The report showed that black students are behind their Asian-American counterparts on general knowledge and math skills. It showed that high percentage of Asian American students scored at proficient level while black students performed poorly in their math test. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Asian-American parents talk extensively to their children on the importance of customs, values and how to work in society. Whereas African American parents are not involved in their children school life. By comparing the two groups in the lights of economic and school contexts, it can be concluded that the gap between the black and Asian American students is wide because of socioeconomic backgrounds, family backgrounds and school contexts. This shows that culture plays an essential role in school achievement and demonstrates that culture interconnects with class, race and schools. References Lee, J. (2002). Racial and ethnic achievement gap trends: Reversing the progress toward equity? EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER, 31(1):3-12. Jansen, E. P. and Bruinsma, M. (2005). Explaining achievement in higher education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(3):235-252.

Caring for populations Essay Example for Free

Caring for populations Essay Introduction A community health nurse must be effective in targeting the population as a whole. The nurse will determine the needs for the community by using the data compiled from a windshield survey. As stated in the text, â€Å"A population focus also involves a scientific approach to community health nursing: an assessment of the community or population is necessary and basic to planning, intervention, and evaluation for the individual, family, aggregate, and population levels† (Nies McEwen, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to establish a priority health problem of the community of Harlingen, based on demographic, epidemiological data and a windshield survey of the area. Community The community assessment for this project is Harlingen, Texas. According to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, its population is about 64,918 of which 47.8% are male and 52.2% are female. The density is approximately 1629.1 residents per square mile. The racial makeup is 1.0% Black or African American, 79.5% Hispanic or Latino, 18.0% White, 1.9% from two or more races, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Native American. The median household income, 2008-2012 was $34,096 in Harlingen, compared to $51,563 in the state of Texas. The percentage of persons below poverty level from 2008-2012 was 33.2% in Harlingen, compared to 17.4% in Texas. The city of Harlingen is in the center of the Rio Grande Valley. It is a community which has a transient population of â€Å"Winter Texans.† These Winter Texans are generally retirees from the northern states, who come to the warmer climates to escape  the winter weather of their home states, usually between November and March. Harlingen has one mall, two medical hospitals and one mental health state facility, two libraries, one community college and numerous schools from primary to high school levels. Demographic and Epidemiological According to the website, County Health Rankings Roadmaps, for Cameron County in 2014, teen pregnancy is measured by the teen birth rate per 1,000 female population, ages 15-19. The number for Cameron county teen births is 80, the number for Texas as a state is 57. There is poor quality of life in relation to health in Cameron County. 30% of the population has poor or fair health, compared to 18% in Texas. Cameron County also has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. 16% of the population suffers from excessive drinking and 396 counts of sexually transmitted infections. 36% of the population is uninsured, 86% graduated high school, 10.5% are unemployed and there are a whopping 48% of children in poverty, which has increased from the 2008-2012 numbers. The top causes of mortality in Texas are diseases of the heart, followed by Cancers and Respiratory diseases. Windshield survey During the observation of Harlingen for the Windshield Survey project, overweight residents were visible. The majority of the population is Hispanics, most were slightly overweight and appear relatively healthy. There are nursing homes and assisted living facilities in the community and they are mainly Hispanic and White older adults who are a mix of thin and frail to obese and unhealthy. Women are seen pushing strollers on the jogging trails, while the young children play in the parks. There are groups of teens who play football and basketball in the same area. In the residential areas, some people can be seen outside maintaining their properties, while other properties are dilapidated. The general appearance of the residents are healthy, with some being overweight. I have seen a few multimedia billboards for the local hospital, which is displaying an ad for bariatric surgery, which is appropriate for the current overweight population. Harlingen has some city parks and Boys and Girls clubs and numerous gyms in the area that are heavily utilized. The restaurants in the  area are mainly along the expressway and lining the few main streets around town. There is no food sold along the street, but people can be seen sitting in the parks eating meals. In Harlingen, the population is overweight Hispanics and Whites who have access to healthcare and wellness measures, as it is advertised constantly. There is adequate transportation and resources available for the population. Problem As stated before, Cameron County has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. While the averages for the state of Texas are 29%, 24% and 74%, respectively. Cameron County also has a limited access to healthy foods, 16% and 21% food insecurity and a mere 17% of children are eligible for free lunch. Since Harlingen and Cameron County have high obesity rates compared to the rest of the state, the Healthy People 2020 objectives applicable for Harlingen include: NWS-11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adults and NWS-9 Eliminate very low food security among children. (Healthy People 2020, 2014) While these are two distinct objectives they are connected, much education will be need to be done to ensure change. The community needs to be educated and held accountable for their actions, at times they are unaware of how much damage an unhealthy diet can do. The Community Health Nurse must prepare for these challenges and have a good understanding of how to present information that will gain the interest of the population. A community health nurse must be well versed in the numerous efforts that are starting to prevent childhood obesity. There are new physical education requirements, nutrition standards for beverages and foods sold in school, to community initiatives to expand bike paths and improve recreational facilities (Koplan, Liverman Kraak, 2005). â€Å"Families need to make their homes to more conducive to a healthful diet and daily physical activity (Koplan, Liverman Kraak, 2005). The nurse will need to get out to the community via health fairs, school assemblies, media outlets, etc. to get the message out there. Education on making healthy choices, getting adequate exercise and making small adjustments to their daily lives will help. According to the article, Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across  Communities in the United States, there was a study that was conducted on 3 years of data from the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project. It stated the mean healthier food and beverage ratio was 0.71, meaning that stores averaged 29% fewer healthier than less healthy products. There were less availability of healthy alternatives in Hispanic communities (2014). Summary The community health nurse needs to be an expert in assessing and diagnosing health concerns in the community to be able to set realistic goals that will maintain the health of the population. Health promotion, education and community involvement are crucial. â€Å"Nutritional education is essential and must include parents, teachers, and the child† (Nies McEwen, 2011). The community should know and understand the food pyramid, how to make healthy choices and the importance of balancing intake and exercise. References County Health Rankings Roadmaps. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/texas/2014/rankings/cameron/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot Koplan, J., Liverman, C.T., Kraak, V.I., Institute of Medicine, (.(U.S.). (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Nies, M. A., McEwen, M. (2011). Community/Public Health Nursing (5th ed.). MO: Elsevier. Nutrition and Weight Status. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/nutrition-and-weight-status/objectives United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4832372.html Zenk,S.N., Powell, L.M., Rimkus, L., Isgor,Z., Barker,D.C., Ohri-Vachaspati,P., Chaloupka, F. (2014). Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across Communities in the United States. American Journal Of Public Health , 104(11), 2170-2178. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014-302113

Natural Law and Legal Positivism

Natural Law and Legal Positivism In order to answer this question one must assess and consider the concepts of natural law and legal positivism. It is also important to define validity and consequently power. Equally the law needs to be seen as being valid as it adds purpose and legitimacy to the law and the legal system itself, this in turn helps to determine the notion of obedience. According to the thesis of natural law, the only way to evaluate the law is by reference to morality and ethnics. The thesis of natural law makes reference to different types of law. These consist of eternal law, divine law and natural law, all of which contain reference to God and morality. This premise upon the existence of human law. The higher principles of natural law are deemed to be legitimate and thus valid as they are believed to be linked to truth and justice. Morality is therefore seen as a good tool to measure validity under the natural law thesis because it provides an external aid for evaluation and it allows the ‘goodness’ of the law to be measured. It is clear that good law are real laws and therefore require obedience. This includes the power of the intervention of a sanction. This theory can be distinguished by the school of thought known as legal positivism. This theory is used to describe what the law actually is and premises on the idea that the higher principles identified in the natural law thesis can not be proved in reality and thus positivism looks to the human law, which by the definition of natural law could not contain validity without reference to the higher principles. Legal positivism removes the idea of morality[1] from the precise structure. Positivism is based on the concepts of rules, created by a figure in authority and containing the imposition of sanctions if the law is broken. However, the structure is held together and measured against the concept of morality, obedience and power. This in turn provides validity through the usage of the concepts of ‘rules, authority and sanctions’. All of which can be objectively measured. In terms of the classical approach to positivism, Jeremy Bentham criticised the assumptions made by the thesis of natural law and identified the ‘is/ought’ debate in order to introduce the legal ‘is’ to the moral ‘ought’. Bentham tried to create a scientific approach to the subject of law. He stated that morality and ethnics should be decided by the censor[2] whilst the action of defining the law was left to the expositor[3]. Bentham attempted to show through his theory of law that the structure was based upon a series of commands. Bentham believed that a command is an expression of an intention or wish[4] regarding the conduct of other individual’s[5]. Bentham attempted to separate morality from the law, without actually discarding morality per se. Instead Bentham says that morality plays no role in the definition of law. It is clear that the application of a scientific approach to law derives from the concept of power to impose sanction s as a matter of right. This in turn validities the structure of positivism. Bentham’s theory can be distinguished by his ‘disciple’, John Austin. Austin premised his theory on Bentham’s command theory. It is clear that Austin’s theory is more refined as he separates different types of commands within the structure. According to his work ‘The Province of Jurisprudence Determined’ Austin stated that his commands theory originated from a sovereign figure. He said ‘Positive laws, or laws strictly so called, are established directly or immediately by authors of three kinds: by monarchs, or sovereign bodies, as supreme political superiors: by men in a state of subjection, as subordinate political superiors: by subjects, as private persons, in pursuance of legal rights. But every positive law, or every law strictly so called, is a direct or circuitous command of a monarch or sovereign member†¦.to a person or persons in a state of subjection to its author[6]’. Thus, the sovereign figure is an identifia ble person that is valid through the legitimate use of force and power under the object of authority. Austin uses this notion to show how laws emanate from the identifiable individual to produce validity and in effect authority and power. In Austin’s command theory the question of why do people obey the law is posed. Austin decided that the reason people obey the law is due to the habitual role to comply from the sovereign. This is due to the perceived threat of the imposition of a sanction through the power afforded from the right of the law. Equally, according to W. D Ross in his works ‘The Right and the Good’, Ross identified the reason why people obey due to ‘the fact that its laws are potent instruments for the general good[7]’. This indicates that the law is a power based subject and as such the threat of a sanction is based upon the notion of power. This is similar to the theory of Thomas Aquinas who believed that the ultimate goal of law is to preserve peace. This again, is arguably a power based subject that is structured on the concept of means and ends. These theories can be distinguished by the works of John Rawls who in 1971 scripted a ‘Theory of Justice’ which identified a moral duty for people to obey law. This moral obligation by its nature implies a certain degree of coercion. This coercion by nature is a power that the law relies upon to enforce a sanction. However, according to Herbert L. A Hart who argued that ‘when a number of persons conduct any joint enterprise according to rules and restrict liberty, those who have submitted to these restrictions when required have a right to a similar submission from those who have been benefited by their submission’. Thus Hart identifies obedience as an internal and external source, his emphasis in his ‘principle of fair play’ that there are both private and official concepts of obedience. This by its imposition inserts power as the primary course of legal authority. However, Hart criticised the imposition of forced compliance as it is an unaccep table form of compliance. According to Hart, the positivist theory requires the free choice of an individual to comply. However, obedience as a matter of course is a power orientated tool. Obedience is a tool by which the law can be judged as valid, however the fear of an imposed sanction is by its nature power based. In terms of modern positivist thought, Hans Kelsen indicated that law is based upon a set of ‘norms’. He stated in his works ‘The Pure Theory of Law[8]’ that ‘all norms whose validity can be traced back to one and the same basic norm constitute a system of norms, a normative order. The basic norm is the common source for the validity of all norms that belong to the same order- it is their reason of validity’. These norms are structured upon a hierarchy of components, which are small and specific in content at the bottom. These raise up in general application to become basic components. These only exist due to the validity of the ‘grundnorm’. This is the norm that occupies the apex of the hierarchy and validities the lower norms. This form of validity premises, due to its nature, on the legitimate use of force and thus power in the concept of authority. Again, this use of power is unjustifiable by Hart. According to Hart, in his main work, ‘The Concept of Law’, he criticised aspects of Austin’s command thesis, namely the idea that the sovereign figure being identifiable, the idea that the law is a series of commands and the emphasis on the internal and external concepts. In Hart’s theory two distinctive types of rules, the primary rules, which limit or expand the liberty of an individual, and the secondary rules, which concern themselves with explaining the other rules. These secondary rules can be divided into the power to create legislation, secondly, the power to create adjudication, and finally the rule of recognition, which by definition is not power based, rather it is a set of conditions that a norm must follow in order to be valid. This theory of law was subsequently criticised by Ronald Dworkin. Dworkin preferred to look at law as a function of a social convention and in effect a contract based on a system of rules and ‘non-rule standards’. Thus, when a court has a ‘hard case’ to rule upon they use both political and moral principles to interpret and apply the law, thus Dworkin argued that a separate ethos of law and morality cannot in reality exist. Thus, a social convention by nature is based upon the imposition of power through the perceived threat of a sanction. Dworkin used the social convention to demonstrate a rule of compliance through the imposition of power and authority in the law. In conclusion, the nature of the differing schools of thought within jurisprudence are centralised around the concept of power. In natural law this premised upon the idea of God and morality through the nature and justifications of the existence of God and morality, and the effect of being judged by these institutions. In legal positivism the application of power is through the structure of law being delivered through an authoritative figure and containing sanctions if the enacted law is broken. The concept of power is therefore centralised in both schools of thought. Power is the main basis that validities the law and is the main working purpose of the law. However, in both schools of thought power is defined slightly differently and arguable is camouflaged by the terms of the good of natural law and the basic norm. The rule of recognition, although not a power orientated component, it is most certainly in existence due to the concept of power imposed by the other rules and regulati ons. Footnotes [1] Morality in itself cannot be measured. Legal positivism asks why a tool that is imprecise and abstract should be used to measure something that should be precise. [2] ‘Ought’ [3] ‘Is’ [4] Known as a volition. [5] ‘What a Law is’, UC 1xix, 70-71; OLG 1. [6] The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. [7] Circa 1930, page 27. [8] Kelsen believed that ‘The pure theory of law is a theory of positive law. As a theory it is exclusively concerned with the accurate definition of its subject matter. It endeavours to answer the question, what is law? But not the question, what ought it to be? It is a science and not a politics of law’. Pure Theory of Law (1934-1935) from volumes 50-51 LQR.

Essay --

From the 1920’s up until his death Joseph Stalin was the leader of Russia. What ensued under Stalin’s reign didn’t evoke emotions of love for country within the Russian people. Under Stalin the people lived in constant fear because of an epidemic within their own country, genocide of Stalin’s own people by Stalin himself. From 1934 up until 1939 a period of mass fear swept over Russia and at the helm Stalin with his (helpers?) of mass killings, the NKVD which are the internal police. Russia has always had a form ‘state security service’ commonly thought of now as â€Å"the secret police†, but in 1929 under the direction of Stalin the NKVD was formed and though it may have a new name it still held the infamous fear and practices of its predecessors, the GPU, The GUGB, and others. Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov was alive during this period of fear, and one of the books he wrote titled The Master and Margarita shares a lot more than one s imilarity with Stalin and his regime of fear. In fact it seems like the author created this book as a commentary of the times because of the way he writes ...

Ethics and Law in the Field of Counseling Essay -- Ethical, Profession

Ethics is the judgement and the moral actions used in interactions with cultures and society and its focus is on the client well-being. Ethics is defined by Remley and Herlihy (2010) in the counseling field as â€Å"professional behavioral and interactions† (p.4). Counselors do rely and are guide by Codes of Ethics. The role and relevance of the ethical principals, the ACA and AMHCA Code of Ethics are the base of the counseling profession. Without them this career would not have a guide on how the professionals should act and react professionally in all the different situations that are faced in this field. However, there are some cases that professionals have to rely on the Law. The Law is different from moral principles and Code of Ethics and its focus is on the legal perspective to protect the professional. The Law is defined by Remley and Herlihy (2010) as â€Å"general or specific regarding both what is required and what is allowed of individuals who from a governmental entity† (p.4). One major example is the Tarasoff and the Duty to Protect which is a law that was created after the case that happened with a university student, Tatiana Tarasoff and her boyfriend. Tarasoff’s parents sue the psychotherapists alleging that the professionals should have warned the student. Because of this case, the law raised a major concern that the confidentiality that professionals should follow according to the ACA and AMHCA Code of Ethics has to be broken when there is an issue that can affect a third party in the situation. Like the AMHCA refers to confidentiality as â€Å"a rig ht granted to all clients of mental health counseling services. From the onset of the counseling relationship, mental health counselors inform clients of these rights inclu... .... Also following a guideline pointed by Saddler (1986 -retrive from Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T., 1996) counselors should apply the three test in their practice. The test of justice which determines if you would treat others the same in this situation, the publicity test, if you would want your behavior to be known and reported to the public, and the test of universality to ask yourself if you would administer the same action to another counselor in the same situation. With that in mind the professional has to believe that after all of this is achieved the professional is capable to perform the career with an outstanding background and knowledge on how and when to act and perform the social and personal changes that relies on the profession and always having in mind what is more beneficial to the patient in resolving and responding to their ethical conflicts.

Pleasantville Essay -- essays research papers

Pleasantville Popular culture is the artistic and creative expression in entertainment and style that appeals to society as whole. It includes music, film, sports, painting, sculpture, and even photography. It can be diffused in many ways, but one of the most powerful and effective ways to address society is through film and television. Broadcasting, radio and television are the primary means by which information and entertainment are delivered to the public in virtually every nation around the world, and they have become a crucial instrument of modern social and political organization. Most of today’s television programming genres are derived from earlier media such as stage, cinema and radio. In the area of comedy, sitcoms have proven the most durable and popular of American broadcasting genres. The sitcom’s success depends on the audience’s familiarity with the habitual characters and the situations â€Å"Pleasantville† Conflicts and clashes of all sizes occur throughout the movie. The conflicts cover a wide variety of subjects, from sexual morals to discovering something new about one’s own self. The movie plays out individual struggles along with tying these conflicts in with a larger story line. The setting of the story is a 1990’s family. The parents are divorced, the son is a TV watching geek and the daughter is rebellious and popular at school. The Mom is leaving for a weekend trip, Jennifer, the daughter, has a date that night and David plans an evening home watching ...

Belonging Term Paper Essay

Belonging is just as much about exclusion as it is about fitting in. Belonging is a concept wholly linked to the morality and social connections one exercises. These factors foster the sentiments of alienation and acceptance hence showing how belonging is just as much about exclusion than fitting in. It is these factors that derive one’s belonging in society and hence some are excluded naturally. This collated idea is portrayed in Raimond Gaita’s memoir Romulus my father which is supported by George orwell’s 1984. Both texts emphasise the conundrum of belonging and how exclusion can be present with belonging as well as having the ability to fit in. Gaita expresses the irony of belonging in his memoir Romulus my father exposing how morality has an influencing factor in one’s belonging. Furthermore, Romulus’ nationalism for Romania is significant for his lack of belonging for his environment expressed through the line, â€Å"He longed for generous an d soft European foliage, but the eucalypts of Baringhup, scraggy†¦ seemed symbols of deprivation and barreness.† The lexical change present emphasises Romulus’ alienation as it detracts from the positives of his new nation. This notion is further supported by his underlying desire to always â€Å"consider himself Romanian.† The morality of his nationalism therefore causes him to not belong and hence proves how belonging is just as much about exclusion as it is about fitting in. Gaita evidently comments on how belonging of an individual is influenced by their morality and hence showing how exclusion can be a result from morality therefore showing how exclusion is a part of belonging. Similarly orwell’s 1984 conveys the message of how exclusion is a large part of understanding belonging. This is mostly illustrated by the characterisation of the protagonist, Winston, and his alter ego, Julia. Winston’s morality for the freedom of individuals is portrayed in the first chapter, shaped by the repetitious diary entries of â€Å"down with big brother.† In a society where the population admire and follow the government with every instruction, the morality of the protagonist defines him from the masses and hence he does not belong. This separation of morality is present in the line, â€Å"Winston turned his back to the telescreen,† the first inkling that he is trying to reduce the power that the government has over him. This notion is further emphasised through the metaphor â€Å"He felt as though he were wandering in the forests of the sea bottom lost in a monstrous world where he himself was the monster.† The metaphor alludes to how he is trapped between the Party’s nonsense principles and his own perception of reality, and ergo Winston experiences a metaphysical crisis that ultimately leads to his demise. Hence the protagonist’s exclusion, is what creates his belonging to the cause for freedom and ergo proving how exclusion is a large a component of belonging because morality is different between individuals. In addition, Romulus my father conveys how social connections can affect belonging of one, hence excluding as much as integrating belonging. This idea is mainly expressed through the polarised life of Romulus and Christine. Christine does not belong throughout the memoir due to her minimal social affiliations she has. As a result it leads to depression being described as â€Å"She was obviously and deeply depressed. Desperately lonely, she was glad of any conversation that came her way.† The emotive language of the extent of her depression emphasises how relationships are needed to find a sense of belonging which mirrors the basic philosophies of Martin Bruber and Maslow, where relationships are needed to prosper. Furthermore, while Romulus taught Raimond the value of morals Hora taught him how to express and think. Raimond’s philosophical view on the world stems to this pivotal relationship with Hora, taking on a parental role while Romulus was in hospital following the motor bike accident, giving Raimond a sense of belonging. The parental role Hora plays creates an affectionate belonging for Romulus, as supported by the line â€Å"It was the only time I remember when my love for Hora and my father caused confused emotions in me towards either.† These social interactions in the memoir evidently affect the belonging of few characters causing them to either belong or not belong. Orwell’s 1984 describes how relationships affect one’s belonging, hence excluding individuals. These relationships throughout the novel are limited because of restrictions and hence relationships are bland and isolate many. The protagonist’s social affiliations are fake with a subtle desire for authenticity which lead to his autodidact personality, excluding him from society. This concern is supported by the philosophy associated with relationships from the dystopia as â€Å"you don’t give a damn if they suffer. All you care about is yourself.† This narcissistic attitude mirrors the idea that the lack of relationships leads to many not belonging together. This issue is supported further by the conceptual â€Å"hour of hate.† The alliteration of the ritual and repetition in the novel emphasise the harsh nature of relationships based on hate and hence excluding Winston from belonging in the dystopia. It also acts as a motif to emphasise the break down of humanity and empathy in the novel. This notion of non belonging is introduced in the beginning of the novel as well through the sarcastic tone of â€Å"from the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of big brother,† where â€Å"from the age of† is repeated to portray the loneliness of the protagonist and how conformity is present throughout society. Therefore it is clear that orwell, expresses how belonging is just as much about exclusion as it is about fitting in.

A Study on Preferred Investment Avenues among HNI Investors in the city of Indore, M.P ,India

AbstractInvestment is the employment of funds on assets with the aim of earning income or capital appreciation. Investment is the most important things today. People are earning more, but they do not know where, when and how to invest it. A proper understanding of money, its value, the available avenues for investment, various financial institutions, the rate of return/risk etc., are essential to successfully manage one’s finance for achieving life’s goal. Through this study, an analysis has been made into preferred investment avenues among high net worth individuals in the city of Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indore a hub for business classThe result s highlight that certain factors like education level, awareness about the current financial system, age of investors etc†¦ make significant impact while deciding the investment avenues. The study is based on personal interviews with high net worth individuals, using a structured questionnaire. Actually, the present study identifies the preferred investment avenues among the individual investors using self assessment test. The study is based on primary sources of data which are collected by distribution of a close ended questionnaire. The data will be analyzed using percentage and chi-square test with the help of statistical software. There are large numbers of investment opportunities available today. In this study it will be examined how the HNI investors managing their investments.INTRODUCTIONThe developing countries like India face the enormous task of finding sufficient capital in their development efforts. Most of these countries find it difficult to get out of the vicious circle of poverty of low income, low saving, low investment, low employment etc. With high capital output ratio, India needs very high rates of investments to make a leap forward in her efforts of attaining high levels of growth. Since the beginning of planning, the emphasis was on investment as the primary instruments of economic growth and increase in national income. In order to have production as per target, investment was considered the crucial  determinant and capital formation had to be supported by appropriate volume of saving.HNI INVESTORS:The respondents of this study consist only the people, those who are rich business class although precise classification of his wealth cannot be commented upon. It is observed that the business class having ample wealth invest differently considering high risk high return basis other than salaried class investors who are believed to invest in safe investment withDefinition of ‘High Net Worth Individual –A classification used by the financial services industry to denote an individual or a family with high net worth. Although there is no precise definition of how rich somebody must be to fit into this category, high net worth is generally quoted in terms of liquid assets over a certain figure. The exact amount differs by financial institut ion and region. The categorization is relevant because high net worth individuals generally qualify for separately managed investment accounts instead of regular mutual funds. HNIs are in high demand by private wealth managers. The more money a person has, the more work it takes to maintain and preserve those assets. These individuals generally demand (and can justify) personalized services in investment management, estate planning, tax planning etc.INVESTMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLEThere are a large number of investment instruments available today. To make our lives easier we would classify or group them. In India, numbers of investment avenues are available for the investors. Some of them are marketable and liquid while others are non marketable and some of them also highly risky while others are almost ris k less. The people has to choose Proper Avenue among them, depending upon his specific need, risk preference, and return expected Investment avenues can broadly categories under the following heads.1. Equity 2. FI Bonds 3. Corporate Debenture 4. Company Fixed 5. Bank Fixed 6. PPF 7. Life Insurance 8. Post Office-NSC 9. Gold/Sliver 10. Real Estate 11. Mutual Fund 12.Hedge fund & OthersOBJECTIVES:Primary objective 1. To study the various investment avenues and the investors risk preference towards it.Secondary objectives 2. To study the dependence/independence of the demographic factors of the investor and his/her risk tolerance..3. To analyze the investment pattern (i.e the type of financial instrument they and duration for which they prefer to invest) among the HNI investors.4. To find the problems being faced by the investors and type of risk considered by them.5. To know the mode of investments of the HNI respondent in various investment avenues.SCOPE OF THE STUDY:This study is focusing on the preference of Investments by HNI investors and it will be helpful to identify the better investment options in the market.Their level of awareness about the various asp ects of investment avenues available in the study area is considered.RATIONALE OF THE STUDY:Indian economy is growing significantly. It has various investment options. The study has been undertaken to analyze whether the investment avenues have gained importance among the people (or) not. This analysis on individual investors behavior is an attempt to know the profile of the investor and also know the characteristics of the investors so as to know their preference w.r.t their investment. The study also tries to explore the influence of demographic factors like age, income, gender on risk tolerance level of the investor.REVIEW OF LITERATURE:Avinash Kumar Singh (2006)The study entitled â€Å"Investment Pattern of People† has been undertaken with the objective, to analyze the investment pattern of people in Bangalore city and Bhubaneswar analysis of the study was undertaken with the help of survey conducted .After analysis and interpretation of data it is concluded that in Banga lore investors are more aware about various investment avenues & the risk associated with that. All the age groups give more important to invest in equity & except people those who are above 50 give important to insurance, fixed deposits and tax saving benefits. Generally those investors who are invested in equity, are personally follow the stock market frequently i.e. in daily basis. But those who are invested in mutual funds are watch stock market weekly or fortnightly. In Bangalore, investors are more aware about various investment avenues and the risk associated with that. But in Bhubaneswar, investors are more conservative in nature and they prefer to invest in those avenues where risk is less like bank deposits, small savings, post office savings etc.Sudalaimuthu and senthil kumar (2008)Mutual fund is the one of investment avenues the researcher research in this area about investors perception towards mutual fund investments has been analyzed effectively taking into account th e investors reference towards the mutual fund sector, scheme type, purchase of mutual fund units, level of risks undertaken by investors, source of information about the market value of the units, investors opinion on factors influenced to invest in mutual funds, the investors satisfaction level towards various motivating  factors, source of awareness of mutual fund schemes, types of plan held by the investors, awareness of risk category by investors, problems faced by mutual fund investors.Running a successful mutual fund requires complete understanding of the peculiarities of the Indian Stock Market and also the awareness of the small investor. The study has made an attempt to understand the financial behavior of mutual fund investors in connection with the scheme preference and selection. An important element in the success of a marketing strategy is the ability to fulfill investor expectation. The result of these studies through satisfactory on the investor’s perception about the mutual funds and the factors determining their investment decisions and preferences. The study will be useful to the mutual fund industry to understand the investor’s perception towards mutual funds investments and the study would also be informative to the investors.Sunil Gupta (2008)The investment pattern among different groups in Shimla had revealed a clear as well as a complex picture. The complex picture means that the people are not aware about the different investment avenues and they did not respond positively, probably it was difficult for them to understand the different avenues. The study showed that the more investors in the city prefer to deposit their surplus in banks, post offices, fixed deposits, saving accounts and different UTI schemes, etc. The attitude of the investors towards the securities in general was bleak, though service and professional class is going in for investment in shares, debentures and in different mutual fund schemes. As far as the investments are concerned, people put their surplus in banks, past offices and other government agencies. Most of the horticulturists in Shimla city who belong to Apple belt though being rich have a tendency of investing then surpluses in fixed deposits of banks, provident funds, Post Office savings, real estates, etc. for want of safety and suitability of returns.Manish Mittal and Vyas (2008)Investors have certain cognitive and emotional weaknesses which come in the way of their investment decisions. Over the p ast few years, behavioral finance researchers have scientifically shown that investors do not always act rationally. They have behavioral biases that lead to systematic errors in the way they process information for investment decision. Many researchers have tried to classify the investors on the basis of their relative risk taking capacity and the type of investment they make. Empirical evidence also suggests that factors such as age, income, education and marital stat us affect an individual's investment decision. This paper classifies Indian investors into different personality types and explores the relationship between various demographic factors and the investment personality exhibited by the investors.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:This part explain the methodology used in this study. The methodology includes data and sources of data, sample size, area of the study and framework of analysis.The study is based on primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected from 100 respondents through a structure questionnaire covering HNI investors of Indore, India. The secondary data have been collected from various books, magazine, journals, news papers and websites.The samples sizes of 100 respondents.The sampling technique followed in this study is probability sampling. Simple random techniques are used to select the respondent from the available database. In order to analyse the collected data, the following tools were used.Simple percentage anal ysis: it states the frequency and percentage of the customers profile, attitude and opinion regarding peoples.

Mcdonalds Cross Culture

As the world's population Increases and we become a Global society due to the increase In technology, more and more companies are doing business on a global scale. As business Increases Individuals Involved In cross border business alliances have had to have a greater understanding of other cultures to aid in the sustainability of business relationships.From the way business is conducted in other cultures to the way organizations are structured, an understanding of these cultures will inevitably help build businesses and provide positive aspects and a greater willingness to interact from the other ultras we aim to do business with. With the Increase In technology, global working and commuting, countries like England, which has a vast cosmopolitan society, has a greater awareness of other cultures.This Is due to the way we interact as friends, the sharing of other countries foods and the embracing of all that Is good In other cultures Is a rich source of the cross cultural awareness a nd understanding. We now look at the way McDonald's has managed to create a global empire that has taken into account other cultures and how this has aided the Corporation to become major global fast food retailer.Aims and Objectives * Identification of issues In Cross Cultural Organizations * Evaluation of diversity of workforce In various countries ; Analysis of the theories related to Cross Cultural Management * To take a look at the management skills required in a Cross Cultural Organization * To explore and identify the skills, attributes and knowledge needed to be a manager in a cross cultural environment * To look at management approaches for breaking emerging markets * Identify a Strategy for Cross Cultural Organizations Methodology me oenology uses Tort Investigating tons case study was purely researcher Vela secondary research.This included reading books, Journals and websites Culture What is Culture? ‘The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patte rns shared and transmitted by the members of a particular society Ralph Linton 1940 There are various types of cultures in society, some are listed below: Corporate Culture This is the classed as organization culture or the way an organization does things and how they expect things to be carried out. Sub-culture This is a group having social, economic, ethnic, or other traits extinctive enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture or society.Multicultural This is classed as pertaining to, or representing several different cultures or cultural elements for example a multicultural society. Culture Shock This is the state of bewilderment experienced by an individual who is suddenly exposed to a new, strange, or foreign social and cultural environment. Cultured This is a person who has an awareness of other cultures and may have experienced diversification of cultures first hand. A person who is educated through life experiences rather than by studying academically.Use c ulture shock in a Sentence See images of culture shock Search culture shock on the Web Logistical and Managerial Issues for Cross Cultural Organizations Charles Handy in his book Understanding Organizations (1993) refers to organizational cultures as tribes saying: ‘The greater the size of an organization, the greater the amount of tribes. ‘ The primary problems that may be encountered when dealing with Logistical and Managerial issues within cross cultural organizations are: * Values * Norms * Ideas/Beliefs * Attitudes * Traditions Religion * Lifestyle * HistoryThe way one issue is handled in one country maybe handled totally differently in another country. There is a clear divide between both Western and Non-western ideas as well as society norms, values and religion. In McDonald's an awareness and understanding of other cultures has been a winning factor in the development and rise of the fast food chain. Understanding cultures of the Far East, Middle East and Europe have helped the organization develop as a leader in the field it operates within.Logistically the McDonald's have had to understand the values that are held in entries like India where it is a ‘crime' to kill and eat a cow as this is classed as a sacred and holy animal. So much so that the cow is worshipped as a provider of milk, not meat, which is quite different to the west who have beef as a staple part of a fast food menu in McDonald's and various other fast food chains. In India McDonald's employed Just one franchisee in the whole of a country that has a population that is touching the 1 Billion mark.This was due to the fact that the franchisee was a person who has lived and worked in India for over arrears and has a greater understanding f the culture than an outside westerner. This Cross Cultural awareness is what has made McDonald's such a popular brand in India since being introduced in the sass's. In addition to this the use of pork is forbad in India as the pig is c lassed as unclean or Harm by the Muslim population in India. Though only small in size, McDonald's saw this as an issue and removed pork from the menu that was due to be implemented in India.Managerial issues that are relevant in one country may not be relevant in another. For example, in England the Manager on the shop floor in McDonald's works closely tit the shop floor staff as they are seen by the Junior employees as part of a team and this is addressed in the Management training that is part of the induction as a manager. In India however the whole of society is based on a class system even though this has been outlawed since the last century. However the enforcement of this class system is self propagated and the divide between the upper and lower classes is substantial.The manager will tend to be based in an office on site and will expect his delegates to manage the day-to-day running of the franchise without the manager's continual input. This gives responsibility to the del egate but also makes them aware of the social place where they belong. The lower classes are rarely given senior Jobs despite education standards which maybe higher among individuals. The majority of lower classes will hold positions as cleaners or doormen.Cross cultural management issues don't seem to create issues logistically or managerially as the McDonald's corporation main business is not done across borders. The supply of the product is done within the franchise country where social status and norms are already understood and accepted by those being employed. Areas of Consideration Regarding Culture Douglas McGregor X & Y Theory Douglas McGregor suggests that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: * Theory X * Theory Y The majority of managers tend towards Theory X, and generally get poor results.Lifted and more conscious managers use Theory Y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Theory X (Authoritarian Manag ement Style) * Most people dislike work and will avoid it they can. * As a consequence of the above statement most people must be forced with the wreath of punishment to work towards ‘organizational' goals and objectives. * Most people prefer to be directed and delegated. This will avoid personal responsibility and leaves the employee relatively ambitious, and most Just want security above anything else.Theory Y (Participative Management Style) * People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. * Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. * People usually accept and often seek responsibility. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population The McDonald's organization has a modern approach to the theory and practice of mana gement.One of the primary aspects of its well balanced management style is the majority of the management that run franchises around the world are developed through the organization rather than outside management being brought in. This is largely due to Ray Crock's theory that a person needs to be able to see the placement possibilities that are available to them. Employment mobility is an important factor in the development of a person.They need a participative management style as defined in ‘Theory Y above to be of benefit to the company and themselves Alienation via authoritative management approaches can have a detrimental effect ions TTT moral as well as Atlanta gal. Tort ten Dustless Owe to lack AT reoccurring business as customers can pick up on a poorly run and unenthusiastic workforce. Abraham Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Mascots hierarchy of needs has been used as a basis by many academic scholars within the study of motivation.They are adaptations of Mascots t heory that include additional tiers within the model, however the original concept devised by Moscow is solely inclusive of the five tiers listed below, from top to bottom: * Self Actualization – Personal growth and fulfillment * Esteem Needs – Achievement, status, responsibility, reputation * Belongingness ; Love Needs – Family, affection, relationships, work group * Safety Needs – Protection, security, order, law, limits, stability * Biological and Physiological needs – Basic life needs, air, food, drink shelter, armor, sleep, sex etc Mascots theory sees the lower part of the needs, Biological and Physiological as needs that need to be satisfied first, once these have been satisfied only then can the needs further up the scale or pyramid be satisfied.Self actualization at the top can only be fulfilled if the lower parts of the scale are satisfied, if these aren't satisfied the satisfaction of the upper tier become irrelevant. Modern organization are now realizing that sustained success is achievable. Once it is realized that the unequivocal support giving to employees will help achieve the Eng term fulfillment, and will help them realism their own personal potential. Managers need to understand that the Biological & Physiological needs need to be fulfilled so that a person can start satisfying needs, the basics of life need stability for a person. Then moving up the pyramid only then can a person start thinking about their ‘Esteem and Self Actualization needs'.This however may vary in countries like India, Pakistan and other poorer countries, where all of the lower needs may not be fulfilled due to lack of finances and thus the Esteem & Self Actualization needs may be stronger through the adversity of being poor and wanting to succeed and develop. A manager for McDonald's need to have an understanding of his employees needs and empathic with their situation particularly in Asian countries where the divide in classes i s evident. The manager needs to motivate and manage even through everyday adversity to ensure that a person has a sense of belonging and that the TTY Is Torment Vela ten employment. On a more senior level regarding area management or even continent management a manager needs to understand that-?:Strategic Decisions are made for what is best for both the Customer and the Employee, and also the management style has to take into account and be consistent with a customer and employees diversity of cultures and values. They need to have a caring approach towards company as well as the employees. The senior manager needs to inspire trust among their workforce and have a greater understanding of the multicultural cosmopolitan world that we live in today. Strategic decisions need to be made by taking into account the recipient countries culture and the manager must use this to act and develop constructively when immunization across borders. The transferring of this knowledge needs to be use d when doing business in an organization that is building on a global scale and that crosses national borders and diversity of cultures.Challenges for Global Managers Stereotyping and Ethnocentrism ‘If individuals of a specific nationality are confronted with negative rather than positive stereotypes of themselves by other nationalities these individuals will not recognize themselves in the profile made'. (Browsers ; Price 2008) Stereotyping is defined as making assumption of another culture or country through unrepresentative generalizations which have been associated with the culture and country as a whole. This can mean for instance that all Chinese eat rice and work in payday fields and that all Indians eat curry and live in big extended families. These statements are unrepresentative of the country and are classed as sweeping statements based on what a few people do.Ethnocentrism is classed as a belief in the intrinsic superiority of the nation, culture, or group to which one belongs, often accompanied by feelings of dislike for other groups Inevitability this will result in some form of prejudice and discrimination as a feeling f superiority is held by when a culture or country is Ethnocentrism. Misconstrued preconceptions and false stereotyping can have a profound effect on an individual by resulting in having a lower self esteem issue as talked about by Moscow and can result in alienation from a group. This is detrimental to both the well being of the individual as well as the wellbeing of the company. Errata Areas to De consoler By a Manager * Cross Cultural Awareness and Understanding * Knowledge of various cultures norms and beliefs * Eradication of stereotyping and addressing employee as an individual not a ultra bias * Elimination of Ethnocentrism as this can breed alienation and hatred * Development of own awareness and deletion of self prejudices Hypotheses Cultural Framework Greet Hefted is a Dutch social psychologist who carried out a pi oneering study of cultures across modern nations. This study was created in order for organizations to recognize and benefit from knowledge of how the various cultures around the world address issues and how interacting across nations with different cultures can be made easier by a greater understanding of these diverse cultures. Greet Hefted created a Framework or Dimension that helped compare the cultures from various nations and he used the below sections to help compare these nations using a Cultural Indices. â€Å"Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster. † Proof. Greet Hefted.Applying the Dimensions to Countries Around the World Confucian Dynamism Confucianism is not a religion it is a collection of pragmatic rules of daily life. â€Å"In practical terms Confucianism refers to a long-term versus a short-term orientation in life† Greet Hefted McDonald's (USA) versus Countries From around the World Austria Brazil Australia China Denmark Italy Poland As can be seen from the charts above there is a large contrast within the indices for various countries and cultures around the world when compared with the USA. Western countries like Australia show a correlation of cultures with the USA, whereas there is a large disparity between eastern and western cultures with countries like China and India.Strategies for Managers in Organizations With Cross Cultural Issues The main Strategy that should be employed to aid in organizations with Cross Cultural issues are: An introduction into ‘Equality and Diversity by ensuring that every employee has participated in a course covering this area. * Senior management should look at also how a course like the ones offered by Greet Hefted regarding his Cultural Framework can be used to help break new emerging markets. This will also help to gain a better understanding of existing established markets and how the services can be improved to gain effectiveness and efficiency. * Establish Corporate ‘Equality and Diversity Champions that will instill the values of fairness and understanding of other cultures that are part of the corporate business.Ensure that the recruitment of staff, particularly managers are done correctly and effectively by the Human Resource management department by placing an emphasis on Cultural Diversity as key criteria for selection. * Ensure that the retention of key staff is paramount for the business, particularly Equality and Diversity Champions as these are the propagators of the corporate aim to achieve cultural awareness. * Use Key indicators to help monitor the effectiveness of the Equality and Diversity course being implemented. Quantify this information to evaluate if improvements re required, whether all cultural interactions are represented by this course and monitor future and refresher courses.Conclusion when McDonald's was Torment In ten sass's an ten corporation relents were Drought out by the founder Ray Crock his main emphasis was to duplicate his franchise idea not only across the United States, but also across the world. How big this realization was at the time is quite modestly spoken about in Ray Crock's autobiography. The growth of McDonald's was done incrementally rather than a franchise explosion across the world and it was Ray Crock's values and visions that help get the brand name associated with quality. This was widely accepted as the norm in the USA and when a customer visited a McDonald's they knew what they were to receive on the menu.Breaking into the international market placed a greater emphasis of understanding cultural practices of the new franchise country, and what foods would be accepted as being part of the menu. In addition to this the senior management of McDonald's USA needed to gain a greater understanding of how the new culture they were to sell their food to would take to the menu. Adaptations had to made, and certain foods had to be removed from the menu in astern and far eastern countries. Worldwide McDonald's had a major diversification in their labor force. This diversity had to be represented in the training and practices that McDonald's employed in various countries and this was primary dealt with by continent managers of these areas e. G. Europe, Asia and South America.The staff who work in the franchises were trained according to regional customs and traditions and various foods available in the western world were seen as Harm for these countries, so adaptations had to be made. As the company grew incrementally these countries were fully researched so a ultra awareness was available to the corporation. Differences were recognized by the corporation so these had to addressed so that advertising and marketing was appropriate. Cultural sensitivity and elimination of stereotyping and prejudice had to be taken into account. Individuals from various cultures are motivated and concerned with various things that needed to be understood by the management of McDonald's to ensure that no alienation was created.